Overview:

The Solar-Based IoT Home Automation System is an energy-efficient solution that leverages solar power to control and automate household lighting. This system utilizes IoT technologies to monitor and control light bulbs remotely. Solar panels are used to power the system, ensuring sustainability and reducing dependency on the grid. The IoT system integrates sensors, microcontrollers, and Wi-Fi modules to enable smart control of bulbs based on various parameters such as time of day, light intensity, and occupancy. The system can be remotely controlled via mobile or web applications, offering ease of use and enhanced energy efficiency in the home.

Working Principle:

The system works by harnessing solar energy through photovoltaic panels to power the entire home automation system, including the microcontroller, sensors, and bulbs. Light and motion sensors are used to monitor the environmental lighting and detect room occupancy. If the ambient light is insufficient or when a person enters a room, the IoT system triggers the bulbs to turn on. The system is also connected to a cloud platform via a Wi-Fi module, allowing users to control the bulbs remotely using a smartphone app or web interface. The solar panel charges a battery during the day, ensuring the system can operate even when there is no sunlight. Additionally, energy consumption data can be monitored, helping homeowners optimize their power usage.

Advantages:

• Energy-Efficient: Uses solar energy to power the system, reducing electricity bills and promoting sustainable energy usage.

• Remote Control: Allows users to control the lights remotely via a mobile app or web interface, making it convenient and user-friendly.

• Automation: The system automatically adjusts lighting based on time of day or room occupancy, ensuring lights are only on when needed.

• Cost-Effective: The system reduces dependency on the electrical grid and minimizes electricity consumption, leading to long-term cost savings.

• Environmental Impact: Uses renewable energy, contributing to a reduction in carbon emissions and a greener environment.

• Real-Time Monitoring: Monitors and controls lighting in real-time, offering a smart and adaptive lighting solution.

• Scalability: The system can be expanded to control more appliances or integrate additional features, such as fan or AC control.

Materials Used:

• Solar Panels (Photovoltaic Panels)

• Battery (for storing solar energy)

• Microcontroller (Arduino, ESP32, Raspberry Pi)

• Light Sensors (e.g., LDR - Light Dependent Resistor)

• Motion Sensors (e.g., PIR Sensor)

• Wi-Fi Module (ESP8266/ESP32)

• Relay Module (for controlling bulbs)

• Smart Bulbs or Regular LED Bulbs

• Mobile App or Web Interface (for remote control)

• Cloud Database (e.g., Firebase, AWS IoT)

• Power Supply for System (from solar panels)